IZMIR
TURKEY
Izmir, historically Smyrna, is the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after Istanbul. It is located in the Gulf of Izmir, by the Aegean Sea. It is the capital of Izmir Province. The city of Izmir is composed of 9 metropolitan districts. These are Balçova, Bornova, Buca, Çigli, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karsiyaka, Konak, and Narlidere. Each district, and generally the neighborhoods within it, possesses distinct features and a particular temperament (for detailed information, see the articles on these districts). The 2000 population of this urban zone was 2,409,000 and the 2005 estimate is 3,500,000.
Izmir is the inheritor of almost 3,500 years of urban past, and possibly up to that much more in terms of advanced human settlement patterns. It is Turkey's first port for exports and its free zone, a Turkish-U.S. joint-venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty that Turkey counts. Its workforce, and particularly its rising class of young professionals, concentrated either in the city or in its immediate vicinity (such as in Manisa), and under either larger companies or SME's, affirm their name in an increasingly wider global scale and intensity [1]. Izmir is widely regarded as one of the most liberal Turkish cities in terms of values, ideology, lifestyle, dynamism and gender roles. It is a stronghold of the Republican People's Party.
The city hosts an international arts festival during June and July, and the Izmir International Fair, one among the city's many fair and exhibition events, is held in the beginning of September every year. It is served by national and international flights through Adnan Menderes Airport and there is a modern rapid transit line running Southwest to Northeast. Izmir hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games (Universiade) in 2005. It currently has a running bid submitted to the BIE to host the Universal Expo 2015, which will be voted on in 2008. Modern Izmir also incorporates the nearby ancient cities of Ephesus, Pergamon, Sardis and Klazomenai, and centers of international tourism such as Kusadasi, Çesme and Foça.
Despite its advantageous location and its heritage, until recently Izmir has suffered, as one author puts it, from a "sketchy understanding" in the eyes of outsiders. When the Ottomans took over Izmir in the 15th century they did not inherit compelling historical memories, unlike the two other keys of the trade network, namely Istanbul and Aleppo. Despite the Turkish preponderance in Izmir's population, its emergence as a major international port as of the 17th century was largely a result of the attraction it exercised over foreigners, who in their turn drew in others. [2] Very different people found Izmir attractive over the ages and the city has always been governed by fresh inspirations, including for the very location of its center, and is quick to adopt novelties and projects. Nevertheless, its successful completion of the 2005 Universiade games gave its inhabitants a renewed confidence in themselves, which remains very present in the bid made for Universal Expo 2015.
• Epic poet Homer”(9th century B.C), the author of “the Iliad and the Odyssey” was born in Izmir.
• Three of the “Seven Churches” which were mentioned in Bible are in Izmir.
• One of the Seven Wonders of the antiquity, Temple of Artemis is at Ephesus.
• The symbol of the ancient city of Izmir was a lion’s head.
• Parchment paper was first invented in Pergamon.
• The Phokaians built 50- oared boats carrying 500 passengers.
• Phokaians established colonies in the western Mediterranean such as “Velia” in Italy, “Ampurias” in Spain and “Marseilles” in France.
• The earliest temple dedicated to the goddess Athena was constructed in Izmir.
• Izmir was mentioned by famous historian Heredos as” the city under the most sublime blue sky and on the remarkable climate”.
• Alexander the Great was told by Aristo, the philosopher like the following “ If you do not see Smyrna you remain lacking”.
• Xenophanes, philosopher and poet of Colophon lived in the 6th century B.C.
• The famous philosopher Heraclitus(540-480 B.C) lived in Ephesus.
• The famous philosopher Anaxagoras (500-428 B.C) lived in Clazomenae.
• Bucolic poet Bion (3rd century B.C) lived in Izmir.
• Famous physician Galen (131-210.A.D) lived in Pergamon.
• The first church dedicated to Virgin Mary was built at Ephesus
• Virgin Mary’s House where she spent her last days is in Selçuk
• St. John wrote the Bible at Ephesus and died there.
• On his 3rd missionary journey St. Paul preached at Ephesus Theatre.
• Cleopatra spent the winter of the year 188 in Ephesus together with Antonius.
• French poet Lamartine, French authors Chateubriand, Theophile Gautier, and Gustave Flaubert visited Izmir.
• Pope Paul VI and Pope John II visited the Virgin Mary’s House in 1967 and 1979 respectively.
• International Art Festival hosted Ray Charles, Paco De Lucia, Joan Baez, Martha Graham Dance Company, Tanita Tikaram, Jethro Tull, Leningrad Philarmony Orchestra, Christ De Burg, Sting, Moscow State Philarmony Orchestra, Jan Garbarek, Red Army Chorus, Academy of St. Martin in the Field, Kodo, Chick Corea, New York City Ballet, Nigel Kennedy, Brayn Adams, James Brown in Izmir, Ephesus and Çesme.
• Famous singer Dario Moreno lived in Izmir.
• Bademler is the first and only village which has theatre in Turkey.
